Organic+Chemistry

Describe the shape of aliphatic organic compounds in terms of orbital overlap and electron-pair repulsion. // Draw three-dimensional structures to show how electron-pair repulsion can influence //// molecular shape. // // Discuss, using examples such as chloroform and tetrachloroethane, how steric //// hindrance can influence // // expected rate of reaction. // ||  || Describe the restricted rotation and the resulting stereochemistry of multiple bonds in   terms of σ (sigma) and π (pi) bonds. // Use space-filling models or three-dimensional rotatable applets to show electron //// distribution in bonds // // and how electrophilic and nucleophilic reactions can be initiated. // ||  || Describe structural isomerism, cis–trans isomerism in alkenes, and how chiral centres give rise to optical isomerism. || @http://www.chemguide.co.uk/basicorg/isomermenu.html
 * S-Elements video recommendation from Halima Taqi **
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 * Understand organic reaction mechanisms and factors **** influencing them **
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[] Video: [] || Describe the mechanisms of electrophilic addition in alkenes and nucleophilic in compounds such as halogenoalkanes. ||  || Show an understanding of the Lewis theory of acids and bases and relate it to  nucleophilic reactions in organic chemistry. ||  || Describe the chemistry of the carbonyl group in terms of nucleophilic substitution and show how its reactivity depends on the electronegativity of the group or groups attached to it. ||  || Know that acyl chlorides (exemplified by ethanoyl chloride) are readily hydrolysed and that they are useful agents for acylating alcohols, phenols and amines. // Prepare ethanoyl chloride by the action of sulfur dichloride on ethanoic acid. // // Use ethanoyl chloride as an acylating agent in a variety of reactions (e.g. the acylation // // of alcohols and amines). // ||  || Interpret and use the nomenclature and structural formulae of the following classes of compound: • arenes; • halogenoarenes; • phenols; • aromatic aldehydes and ketones; • aromatic carboxylic acids, esters and acyl chlorides; • aromatic amines, nitriles, amides and amino acids. || Video: [|Aromatic Compounds] [] Register (free!) to play video ||
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